Author: Amarine Antonio

Shipbuilding and welding professional.
Welding Engineer, WELDING METALLURGY1 Comment

Rimmed Steel, Semi-killed Steel, Fully killed steel

Amarine Antonio

Some low-carbon steels are available in three grades: “rimmed”, “semi-killed”, and “fully-killed”. The terms themselves are derived from the action of the steel when it is poured into an ingot mold after leaving the furnace. In terms of welding, they indicate whether or not there is oxygen in the steel which may cause weld porosity when certain welding processes are used. All carbon steels contain some oxygen. The very nature of the furnaces in which they are made makes this inevitable. It’s what happens to the oxygen when a weld is made that is significant. When a rimmed steel is welded, some … Continue reading Rimmed Steel, Semi-killed Steel, Fully killed steel

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Wire electrode specifications

Amarine Antonio

Flux-Cored Electrodes’ Usability Designators: What Do They Mean? Q: I am a new salesperson for a welding supply company. I have noticed that the AWS classification number for many of the flux-cored wires we carry are the same on the front end, but then have different dash numbers on the back end. Some example numbers are E71T-1, E71T-8, E71T-9, E71T-11, etc. Some wires even have two or three numbers on them. I have heard these “dash numbers” called performance capabilities numbers. But what exactly do they mean? Also, how can some wires have more than one AWS number? A:  The dash numbers you … Continue reading Wire electrode specifications

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Fatigue on Weld

Amarine Antonio

Designing for fatigue is very different than designing for static loads.  One of the biggest challenges is being able to estimate the loads, timing of the loads and duration of the loads.   If you look at a bridge you have to estimate the number of vehicles going on the bridge every day, the weight of these vehicles, and other forces and loads acting on the bridge such as its own weight (steel and concrete), wind loading, and pre-existing stresses such as those caused by welding. Girders are subjected to fluctuating loads which combined with temperature and fabrication quality will determine … Continue reading Fatigue on Weld

WELDING, Welding Engineer1 Comment

API 1104 WPS joint design variables

Amarine Antonio

Refer to: EN 15614 Para 8.4.3 Joint variables, AWS D1.1: WPS variables – Joint design, ASME IX: WPS variables – Joint design. 5.4 Essential Variables 5.4.1 General A welding procedure shall be reestablished as a new welding procedure specification and shall be completely requalified when any of the essential variables listed in 5.4.2 are changed. Changes other than those given in 5.4.2 may be made in the procedure without the need for requalification, provided the welding procedure specification is revised to show the changes. 5.3.2.4 Joint Design description in WPS The specification shall include a sketch or sketches of the joint that show … Continue reading API 1104 WPS joint design variables

WELDING, Welding Engineer2 Comments

EN 15614 Para 8.4.3 Joint variables

Amarine Antonio

For level 1: The range of qualification for the type of welded joints is as used in the welding procedure test subject to limitations given in other clauses (e.g. thickness) and additionally: a) full penetration butt welds qualify full and partial penetration butt welds and fillet welds in any type of joints; b) butt joints qualify any branch connections; c) fillet welds qualify fillet welding only; d) welds made from one side without backing qualify welds made from both sides and welds with backing; e) welds made with backing qualify welds made from both sides and welds made without backing; f) welds … Continue reading EN 15614 Para 8.4.3 Joint variables

WELDING, Welding Engineer1 Comment

AWS D1.1: Non-Tubular vs Tubular 

Amarine Antonio

Somehow, the welding engineer will confuse with which samples will be used in PQR preparation for applying the WPS correctly in accordance with Project specifications. Special on Tubular and Non-Tubular application. There are short guideline may help you to choose the samples wisely as below articles and file: What is CJP in welding in Tubular and Non-Tubular AWS D1.1: WPS variables – Joint design Back gouging in welding WPS/PQR – JOINT DESIGN AWS D1.1 tubular vs non-tubular and PQR preparing guidelines   Continue reading AWS D1.1: Non-Tubular vs Tubular 

WELDING, Welding Engineer1 Comment

AWS D1.1 Table 4.5 para 34 variable

Amarine Antonio

AWS D1.1 Table 4.5 Para 34: The omission, but not included, of backing or back gouging Keynotes: You can applied the Backing for making better penetration concept, but it does not mean the applied PQR (PJP) is qualified as WPS (CJP) joint, in case of wrong approved WPS (CJP) with supporting PQR (PJP) !!!! Be careful. Short guideline for inspection of these variables on Non-tubular structure: 1: In the stage of WPS approval and review: If the applied PQR with CJP sample, your WPS will cover all type of joints including CJP & PJP, also do cross-check with the WPS … Continue reading AWS D1.1 Table 4.5 para 34 variable