Minimum Size of Fillet Weld
Every inspector has dealt with the design rules that prohibit sizing a fillet weld below a certain size for a given thickness of material? If you look at AWS D1.1 2020 Structural Welding Code (Steel) you can find this in Table 7.7. If you happen to own a copy of AISC 360-16 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings youโll find this on Table J2.4. Below you can see AISCโs Table J2.4 โ Minimum Size of Fillet Welds. ย The minimum fillet weld sizes are basically based on the thickness of the material being joined. Most people think that the minimum fillet weld sizes are … Continue reading Minimum Size of Fillet Weld
Heat input and Weld size (leg-length)
Heat inputย from welding is important because it has an effect on cooling rates which in turn can significantly affect the mechanical properties of the weld and heat-affected zone. It also plays a role in susceptibility to distortion. High heat input can be beneficial in some cases and detrimental in others. A common misconception is that as long as amperage and voltage remain the same heat input doesnโt change. This is wrong because travel speed is also a factor. Heat input is a function of three essential variables:ย amperage, voltage, and travel speed. Change one and heat input changes. The formula for … Continue reading Heat input and Weld size (leg-length)
How to control distortion in welding?
Distortionย caused by the heating and cooling cycles of welding is extremely problematic. It can place structures out of dimensional tolerance creating costly rework. In some cases, parts need to be scrapped. Understanding the causes of distortion is an absolute necessity for those managing welding operations. Three mistakes account for the vast majority of distortion problems. These are: Over-welding One of the things you may hear most often when it comes to reducing or eliminating distortion from welding is to pulse weld.ย Pulse weldingย is done by switching back and forth between a peak (high) and a background (low) current. Manufacturers of welding … Continue reading How to control distortion in welding?
What is quenching?
ใ๐๐ฎ๐๐ง๐๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ ๐๐ฌ ๐ ๐๐๐๐ญ ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ญ๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ญใ โณ๐ค๐๐ฒ๐ป๐ฐ๐ต๐ถ๐ป๐ด is a vital heat treatment process used to rapidly cool a material, typically a metal alloy, from a high temperature to room temperature or below. โณ๐ ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐ต๐ฎ๐ป๐ถ๐๐บ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐ค๐๐ฒ๐ป๐ฐ๐ต๐ถ๐ป๐ด:1- ๐๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐:The material is heated to a specific temperature, typically above its critical transformation temperature.2-๐๐๐ฅ๐๐ ๐พ๐ค๐ค๐ก๐๐ฃ๐ & ๐๐๐๐จ๐ ๐๐ง๐๐ฃ๐จ๐๐ค๐ง๐ข๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ:Upon rapid cooling during quenching, the material undergoes a phase transformation depending on the composition of the material.The most common phase transformation associated with quenching is the formation of ๐ข๐๐ง๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐จ๐๐ฉ๐, a hard and brittle phase characterized by a unique crystal structure (BCT). โณ๐ค๐๐ฒ๐ป๐ฐ๐ต๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐ ๐ฒ๐ฑ๐ถ๐๐บ๐:Different quenching mediums have varying cooling … Continue reading What is quenching?
๐๐จ๐ฅ๐ญ ๐๐ซ๐๐๐๐ฌ (8.8) ๐ฏ๐ฌ. (10.9)
๐๐จ๐ฅ๐ญ ๐๐ซ๐๐๐๐ฌ (8.8) ๐ฏ๐ฌ. (10.9) 1๏ธโฃ ๐๐ผ๐น๐ ๐๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ฑ๐ฒ (8.8)Grade 8.8 bolts are made of medium carbon alloy steel.They have a minimum tensile strength of 800 MPa and a minimum yield strength of 640 MPa.These bolts are known for their moderate strength and durability.They are commonly used in machinery, automotive parts, and general engineering applications. 2๏ธโฃ ๐๐ผ๐น๐ ๐๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ฑ๐ฒ (10.9)Grade 10.9 bolts are made of alloy steel and have a higher strength than Grade 8.8 bolts.They have a minimum tensile strength of 1000 MPa and a minimum yield strength of 900 MPa.These bolts are specifically designed for applications that require high strength … Continue reading ๐๐จ๐ฅ๐ญ ๐๐ซ๐๐๐๐ฌ (8.8) ๐ฏ๐ฌ. (10.9)
Weld-neck vs Slip-on Flange
๐๐๐ฒ ๐๐ข๐๐๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐๐ฌ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฐ๐๐๐ง ๐๐๐ฅ๐ ๐๐๐๐ค ๐ ๐ฅ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐ฌ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ-๐๐ง ๐ ๐ฅ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐๐ข๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ญ๐๐ฆ๐ฌ! ๐ช๐ฒ๐น๐ฑ ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฐ๐ธ ๐๐น๐ฎ๐ป๐ด๐ฒ๐:โง Designed with a long-tapered neck.โง Butt-welded to the pipe, ensuring a smooth, continuous joint.โง Offers exceptional strength and rigidity, distributing stress evenly and reducing the risk of leakage.โง Ideal for high-pressure and high-temperature applications, such as in petrochemical, oil and gas, and power generation industries. ๐ฆ๐น๐ถ๐ฝ-๐ข๐ป ๐๐น๐ฎ๐ป๐ด๐ฒ๐:โง Feature a flat, circular shape with a slightly larger diameter than the pipe, making them easy to slip over the pipe.โง Welded on the backside, primarily on the outer rim of the flange, simplifying alignment and installation.โง Suitable … Continue reading Weld-neck vs Slip-on Flange
Pitting corrosions
๐ช๐ต๐ฎ๐ ๐ถ๐ ๐ฝ๐ถ๐๐๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐ฐ๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป?โง Pitting corrosion can be a major problem for metals, causing small pits or holes that weaken their structure.โง Pitting corrosion is more aggressive than uniform corrosion as it concentrates corrosive elements at specific sites. ๐๐ผ๐ ๐ถ๐ ๐ผ๐ฐ๐ฐ๐๐ฟ๐?โง Pitting corrosion happens when a metal’s protective layer breaks down, allowing harmful substances to attack the surface and create small pits.โง This occurs due to imperfections on the metal surface, contamination, or physical damage.โง The affected areas dissolve, while the rest of the metal remains relatively unaffected. ๐๐ผ๐ ๐๐ผ ๐บ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ถ๐?We can use these techniques:1๏ธโฃ Visual Inspection: Simply looking … Continue reading Pitting corrosions
Piping arrangement, gap, space, and layouts
๐๐ข๐ฉ๐ ๐๐ซ๐ซ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ญ ๐จ๐ง ๐๐ข๐ฉ๐ ๐๐๐๐ค๐ฌ ๐๐๐ฌ๐๐ ๐จ๐ง ๐๐๐๐ ๐31.3 ; The ๐๐๐๐ ๐31.3 standard, which is used for industrial piping design in the oil, gas, petrochemical, and related industries, includes various provisions for the layout of pipes side by side. Some of the aspects addressed in this standard for pipe layout include: ๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ข๐ง๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฐ๐๐๐ง ๐ฉ๐ข๐ฉ๐๐ฌ: The ๐๐๐๐ ๐31.3 standard specifies the minimum and maximum allowable spacing between pipes. This includes the spacing between parallel pipes and intersecting pipes. The objective is to ensure there is enough space for access, maintenance, and repair of the pipes. The purpose of specifying pipe … Continue reading Piping arrangement, gap, space, and layouts
Reasons Why The Airbag Light Might Show Up On Your Dashboard
An essential component of your vehicle’s safety system, the airbag plays a crucial role in protecting passengers during accidents. It is the primary safety feature that directly interacts with occupants in the event of a collision. Many vehicles are equipped … Continue reading Reasons Why The Airbag Light Might Show Up On Your Dashboard
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