Key notes:

General:

Typical H.I from 1 – 3.5 kJ/mm

Plastic state welding or Non-fusion welding

CC or CV

Polarity and Penetration ability

Operation Factor vs Duty Cycle 

Affection of Torch Angle

MMA:

• Typical OCV : 50-90V and Operation range : 20-40V
• Arc blow because of Magnetic force (DC) –> Prevent by using AC
• Run Out Length (ROL) –> For measuring the welding Speed

TIG:

• Typical OCV : 50-90V and Operation range : 20-40V
• Filler rod – consumables vs Electrode – nonconsumable
• HF – high frequency  Arc starting can Damage the equipments
• AC used for Al and Mg (Because of Best Cleaning action)
• Electrode extension increase/decrease will make Tungsten contamination/Un-stable Arc
• Water cooled applied when Current over 150A
• Slop-in/Slop-out for preventing Tungsten contamination/ Crater crack
• Autogenous welding can cause porosity because no have de-oxidizer 

GMAW (MIG/MAG):

• WFS & Current directly related to Burn-off Rate
• WFS changes will affect directly to Current
• Globular transfer normal use in Mechanized MAG (CO2)
• Dip mode transfer machine will use inductance add
• MIG used for Al or Non-ferrous welding.
• Dip transfer mode cause LOF
• Spray transfer mode use for thicker joint (>25mm) and PA/PB/PC position only.
• Pulse transfer mode adjust the Peak Current / Back Current

FCAW:

• Always used with Spray transfer mode
• Deposition rate of Flux core HIGHER than Solid core

SAW:

• Highest duty cycle ~ 90-100%
• No UV light during operation
• Can operate with CC if Current > 1000A, use AC to prevent Arc Blow
• Transformer control directly the OCV
• Twin wire – One power source vs Twin wire – Two power sources (TANDEM)